| Information
Flows in Consumer vs. Business Markets
by
Tim Smith, PhD, 29 September 2004
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Advocates of efficient market theories claim that all relevant information
concerning a stock is included in the price. This may be true with
respect to financial markets, but other markets require far more information
than price in order to function. The success of buyers and sellers
in transacting information affects the ability of market participants
to transact goods and services.
Information must flow to enable the decision making processes of
both buyers and suppliers. Buyers need to be informed of their options,
the benefits of selecting one over another, and the price associated
with the different offerings in order to make rational purchasing
decisions. Sellers need to be informed of potential buyers, the
needs of those buyers, and the price they are willing-to-pay to
satisfy those needs in selecting which markets to compete in, and
which demands can be profitably satisfied.
The health of information flows within a market can be evaluated
according to accessibility, depth, and validity. Accessibility refers
to the ability of buyers and sellers to communicate information
through a variety of mediums. Depth refers to the ability of relevant
details to be communicated through different mediums. Validity refers
to the trustworthiness of the information that is communicated,
both in terms of its capacity to be accurate and the biases that
influence its validity.
The accessibility, depth, and validity of information flows in
business markets are different from that in consumer markets. Business
markets have fewer channels for efficiently transacting information
between buyers and suppliers. The challenges created through restricted
information access in business markets are compounded by the depth
of information that must be communicated. Both buyers and suppliers
require greater depth of information for decision making in business
markets. Numerous features, the benefits that each feature yields,
and the full financial and business value of these features must
be explored. Furthermore, because key information is communicated
either through direct selling or price negations, both buyers and
sellers are subject to biasing the information they communicate.
The challenge of efficient information flows in business markets
is made evident in three key sales and marketing areas: opaque pricing,
minimal information intermediaries, and greater reliance upon relationships.
In the next few articles, we will examine the differences between
marketing practices in consumer versus business markets created
by challenge of inefficient information flows.
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Author
Tim Smith, PhD is Editor of The Wiglaf Journal, Principal of Wiglaf
LLC, and Adjunct Professor at DePaul Graduate
School of Business.
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